1887

Access Microbiology open research platform logo

Volume 6, Issue 3

Seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of brucellosis among dairy farmers in Aligarh region, North India: creating awareness of a neglected disease Open Access

Abstract

Brucellosis, a globally distributed zoonotic disease, is caused by the Gram-negative bacteria known as . Humans acquire infection through direct contact with the blood, urine and placenta of animals, inhalation of dust or aerosols at infected animal farms, and raw milk and meat intake. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of brucellosis in dairy farmers in and around the Aligarh region of North India, to document various clinical signs and symptoms in positive individuals, and to create awareness in dairy farmers concerning brucellosis and ways to prevent it.

This was an observational study that included 125 dairy farmers in and around the Aligarh region. Serum samples were taken from this high-risk group after obtaining informed consent. Further, a pre-designed proforma was used to collect information about their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) concerning brucellosis and assess the risk factors for the disease. The Rose Bengal test (RBT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect the seroprevalence of brucellosis.

infection was diagnosed in 64 (51.20 %) cases by indirect ELISA (IgM+IgG), 41 (32.8 %) by RBT and 4 (3.2 %) by SAT. Significant clustering of patients was seen in the 20–55 years age group. The most common symptoms in ELISA IgM-positive patients were joint pain (16.07 %), fatigue (14.28 %), anorexia (12.50 %), weight loss (8.92 %), malaise (5.35 %), undulant fever (3.57 %), night sweats (3.57 %) and headache (1.78 %). The findings of this study indicate that ELISA (IgM+IgG) exhibits great sensitivity as compared to SAT and RBT. KAP was very poor among dairy farmers.

In India, is a frequent but severely underreported illness. ELISA is the most sensitive serological test for diagnosing brucellosis. No potential vaccine has yet been introduced for humans against brucellosis. Thus, it is necessary to impart awareness and sensitize high-risk groups concerning brucellosis.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): awareness , brucellosis , dairy farmers and neglected disease
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Indian Council of Medical Research (Award STS ICMR ID-2022-01235)
    • Principle Award Recipient: AlveeraAlam
© 2024 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000648.v3
2024-03-25
2024-04-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/acmi/6/3/acmi000648.v3.html?itemId=/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000648.v3&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Sakran W, Chazan B, Koren A. Brucellosis: clinical presentation, diagnosis, complications and therapeutic options. Harefuah 2006; 145:836–840 [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Evans AC. Brucellosis in the United States. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1947; 37:139–151 [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Di Bonaventura G, Angeletti S, Ianni A, Petitti T, Gherardi G. Microbiological laboratory diagnosis of human Brucellosis: an overview. Pathogens 2021; 10:1623 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Yanti Y, Sumiarto B, Kusumastuti TA, Panus A, Sodirun S. Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District, Indonesia. Vet World 2021; 14:1–10 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Jaiswal P, Chandravanshi H, Netam A. Contribution of dairy farming in employment and household nutrition in India. IJAWB 2018; 3:78–79 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Yadav N, Aggarwal D. Potential risk factors of Brucellosis in dairy farmers of peri-urban areas of South West Delhi. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:S12–S15 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Wani RT. Socioeconomic status scales-modified Kuppuswamy and Udai Pareekh’s scale updated for 2019. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:1846–1849 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Alton GG, Maw J, Rogerson BA, McPherson GG. The serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis: an evaluation of the complement fixation, serum agglutination and rose bengal tests. Aust Vet J 1975; 51:57–63 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Mittal C, Sami H, Gururaj K, Khan F, Sultan A et al. Seroprevalence, clinical profile and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of brucellosis in North India in patients with pyrexia of unknown origin and chronic joint pain. Int J Hum Health Sci 2022; 6:80 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Meky F, Hassan E, Abdel Hafez A, Aboul Fetouh A, El Ghazali S. Epidemiology and risk factors of brucellosis in Alexandria Governorate. East Mediterr Health J 2007; 13:677–685
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Xu N, Qu C, Sai L, Wen S, Yang L et al. Evaluating the efficacy of serological testing of clinical specimens collected from patients with suspected brucellosis. PLOS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011131 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Alusi PM. Socio-Cultural and Economic Risk Factors for Human Brucellosis in Lolgorian Division TransMara District: University of Nairobi; 2014
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Ahmed I, Kumar S, Aggarwal D. Assessment of knowledge and practices of hygienic milk production among dairy farmworkers, Southwest Delhi. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:S26–S30 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Agada C, Goden C, Ogugua J. Prevalence of bovine brucellosis and analysis of risk factors in resident cattle herds of Kanke local government area, plateau state, Nigeria. Niger Vet J 2017; 38:104–116
     [Google Scholar]
  15. TeshomeYimer B, Feleke BE, Bogale KA, Tsegaye GW. Factors associated with human Brucellosis among patients attending in Ayu Primary Hospital, North Showa, Ethiopia: a case control study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:709–718 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Shi Y, Gao H, Pappas G, Chen Q, Li M et al. Clinical features of 2041 human brucellosis cases in China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205500 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Buzgan T, Karahocagil MK, Irmak H, Baran AI, Karsen H et al. Clinical manifestations and complications in 1028 cases of brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation and review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14:e469–78 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Deka RP, Magnusson U, Grace D, Shome R, Lindahl JF. Knowledge and practices of dairy farmers relating to brucellosis in urban, peri-urban and rural areas of Assam and Bihar, India. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2020; 10:1769531 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000648.v3
Loading
Seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of brucellosis among dairy farmers in Aligarh region, North India: creating awareness of a neglected disease
Access Microbiology 6, 000648.v3 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000648.v3
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000648.v3
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000648.v3
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error