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Volume 6, Issue 3

Nasopharyngeal carriage rate, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial profiles of among patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Open Access

Abstract

We studied the carriage rate, distribution of serotype, and antimicrobial profile of () among patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in two primary health centres and a tertiary referral hospital from 2019 to 2020 in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia before 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction. A total of 106 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from children and adult patients. Serotyping of strain was performed by sequential multiplex PCR and Quellung reaction. Antimicrobial profile was performed by the disc diffusion method. We identified thirty-one patients carried (29 %). The carriage rate was found to be higher among children aged 2–5 years (13/32; 40.6 %) than in children under 1 year (8/27; 29.6 %), children and adolescents under 18 years of age (5/20; 25.0 %) and adult patients (5/27; 18.5 %). The distribution of serotypes varied, including 14, 18C, 19A, 23F, 19F and 35B (two strains each) and 1, 3, 6B, 6C, 31, 9V, 15C, 16F, 17F, 23A, 35F (one strain each) and non-typeable (9/31; 29 %). We found isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (30/31; 97 %), chloramphenicol (29/31; 94 %), clindamycin (29/31; 94 %), erythromycin (22/31; 71 %), azithromycin (22/31; 71 %), tetracycline (14/31; 45 %), penicillin (11/31; 35 %), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (10/31; 32 %). This study provides supporting baseline data on distribution of serotype and antimicrobial profile of among patients with ARTI before PCV13 introduction in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

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  • Accepted:
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Keyword(s): acute respiratory infection , Indonesia and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • The Joint Funding Scheme SOUTHEAST Asia-EUROPE for Research and Innovation (Award 206/SP2H/AMD/LT/DPRM/2020)
    • Principle Award Recipient: DianaShintawati Purwanto
  • The Joint Funding Scheme SOUTHEAST Asia-EUROPE for Research and Innovation (Award FZK 01DP19007)
    • Principle Award Recipient: SvenHammerschmidt
  • Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia (Award NA)
    • Principle Award Recipient: DianaShintawati Purwanto
© 2024 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2024-03-15
2024-04-29
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Nasopharyngeal carriage rate, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae among patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Access Microbiology 6, 000703.v4 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000703.v4
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000703.v4
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000703.v4
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