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Volume 169, Issue 8

Cultivating antimicrobial resistance: how intensive agriculture ploughs the way for antibiotic resistance Open Access

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to public health, global food security and animal welfare. Despite efforts in antibiotic stewardship, AMR continues to rise worldwide. Anthropogenic activities, particularly intensive agriculture, play an integral role in the dissemination of AMR genes within natural microbial communities – which current antibiotic stewardship typically overlooks. In this review, we examine the impact of anthropogenically induced temperature fluctuations, increased soil salinity, soil fertility loss, and contaminants such as metals and pesticides on the evolution and dissemination of AMR in the environment. These stressors can select for AMR – even in the absence of antibiotics – via mechanisms such as cross-resistance, co-resistance and co-regulation. Moreover, anthropogenic stressors can prime bacterial physiology against stress, potentially widening the window of opportunity for the evolution of AMR. However, research to date is typically limited to the study of single isolated bacterial species – we lack data on how intensive agricultural practices drive AMR over evolutionary timescales in more complex microbial communities. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach to fighting AMR is urgently needed, as it is clear that the drivers of AMR extend far beyond the clinical environment.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): agriculture , AMR , Anthropocene , antibiotics , cross-resistance , evolution and soil
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • UK Research and Innovation (Award MR/V022482/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: ElzeHesse
  • IRC New Foundations and Community Foundation Ireland (Award NF/2022/39250777)
    • Principle Award Recipient: SiobhánO' Brien
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Award BB/T009446/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: SiobhánO' Brien
  • Natural Environment Research Council (Award NE/S00713X/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: MatthewKelbrick
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.001384
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Cultivating antimicrobial resistance: how intensive agriculture ploughs the way for antibiotic resistance
Microbiology 169, 001384 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001384
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.001384
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